Millions of Canadians are stung by insects every year. Everyone will react in some way to venom stinging insects, but a portion of the population may be at risk for serious allergic reaction.
The severity of an insect sting reaction varies from person to person. A normal reaction will result in pain, swelling, and redness confined to the sting site. Simply disinfect the area and apply ice to reduce swelling. A large local reaction will result in swelling that extends beyond the sting site. For example, a person may have his/her entire arm swell to twice its normal size. Although alarming in appearance, this condition may persist for 2-3 day antihistamines and steroids are sometimes prescribed to lessen discomfort. The most serious reaction to an insect sting is an allergic reaction. This condition requires immediate medical attention.
Symptoms of an allergic action or "anaphylaxis" may include any of the following:
Hives, itching, or swelling in areas other than the sting site
Tightness in the chest and difficulty breathing
Hoarse voice and swelling of the tongue
Dizziness or a sharp drop in blood pressure
Unconsciousness or cardiac arrest
An anaphylaxis reaction can occur within minutes after the sting and may be life-threatening or even fatal. Anyone who has experienced an allergic reaction to an insect sting the past has a 65% chance of a similar or worse reaction if stung again.
Treating Allergic Reactions
An allergic reaction is treated with epinephrine, either self-administered by a doctors. In some cases, intravenous fluids, oxygen and other treatments are necessary as well. Once stabilized, these patients are sometimes required to stay overnight at the hospital under close supervision.
Avoidance
Take precautionary measure to avoid being stung. Yellow jackets nest in the ground and in walls. Hornets nest in bushes and in trees. Use extreme caution when working or playing in these areas and refrain from walking barefoot on grass. Avoid insect attractants such as fragrances, perfumes, hairspray and lotions. Avoid open garbage cans and exposed food at picnics. Also, try to reduce the amount of exposed skin when outdoors.
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